The AASP Data CommitteeADAM, D. P. 1970. Some palynological applications of multivariate statistics. Ph.D.dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, 132 p. ADAM, D. P., FERGUSSON, C. W., and LaMARCH, V. C., JR. 1967. Enclosed bark as a pollen trap. Science, 157: 1067-1068. ADAM, D.P. AND WEST, G.J. 1983. Temperature and precipitation estimates through the last glacial cycle from Clear Lake, California, pollen data. Science. Vol. 219:168-170. ADAM, D. P., and MEHRINGER, P. J., JR. 1975. Modern pollen surface samples--an analysis of subsamples. Journal of Research U. S. Geological Survey, 3: 733-736. ADAMS, K. R. 1980. Pollen, parched seeds, and prehistory: a pilot investigation of prehistoric plant remains from Salmon Ruin, a Chacoan pueblo in northwestern New Mexico. Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology 9, 94 p. ANDERSON, R.S. 1986. Late-Quaternary paleoecology of the central Sierra Nevada, California. Crossosoma 12:6-7.[RETURN]
Aaby, Bent, 1983, Forest development, soil genesis and human activity illustrated by pollen and hypha analysis of two neighbouring podzols in Draved Forest, Denmark: Geol. Survey Denmark, II, Series, No. 114, 116 p., 32 fig., 4 pl. Aartolahti, T., 1965, Oberflachenformen von Hochmooren und ihre Entwicklung in Sudwest-Hame und Nord-Satakunda: Fennia, v. 93, 268 p. + 4 suppl. Abelson, P. H., 1985, Plant-fungal symbiosis: Science, v. 229, p.617. Adaskaveg, J. E., & Gilbertson, R. L., 1986, Cultural studies and genetics of sexuality of Ganoderma lucidum and G. tsugae in relation to the taxonomy of the G. lucidum complex: Mycologia, v. 78, p. 694-705, 16 fig. Agashe, S. N., & Tilak, S. T., 1970, Occurrence of fungal elements in the bark of arborescent calamite roots from the American Carboniferous: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, v. 97, p. 216-218. Agasie, J. M., 1969, Late Cretaceous palynomorphs from northeastern Arizona: Micropaleontology, v. 15, p. 13-30, 4 fig., pl. 1-4. Ager, T. A., & Kaufman, Darrell, 1986, Early Eocene sporomorph assemblage from Death Valley, Seward Peninsula, western Alaska: 19th Ann. Mtg. Am. Assoc. Strat. Palynologists, Program Abs., p.1.[RETURN]
Atlee, W. A., Elsik, W. C., Frazier, D. E., & Zingula, R. P., 1968, Environments of deposition, Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast: Houston Geol. Soc. Field Trip Guidebook, 43 p. Atlee, W. A., Loep, K. J., Elsik, W. C., Zingula, R. P., Pointer, G. N., & Ogden, J. C., 1967, Selected Cretaceous and Tertiary depositional environments: Gulf Coast Sect. Soc. Econ. Paleont. Mineralogists Field Trip Guidebook, 50 p. Bryant, V. M., Jr., & Holloway, R. G., 1985, A Late-Quarternary paleoenvironmental record of Texas: an overview of the pollen evidence: In Bryant, V. M., Jr. & Holloway, R. G., eds., Pollen Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments, Am. Assoc. Strat. Palynologists Found., p. 39-70, 6 text-fig. Bujak, J., & Davies, E. H., 1987, Petroleum exploration applications of palynological assemblage successions in the flexure trend, Gulf of Mexico: In Innovative Biostratigraphic Approaches to Sequence Analysis: New Exploration Opportunities, Gulf Coast Sect. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Found., 8th Ann. Res. Conf., p. 47-51, 2 text-fig.[RETURN]
variable example ORDER C7 2.0 FIRSTNAME C20 NILS SURNAME C35 AARHUS JR C4 CODE C10 BSWz0 ORGANIZ1 C39 INST. FOR KONTINENTALSOKKELUNDERSOKEL ORGANIZ2 C39 SER B HAKON MAGNUSSONS GT. 1B POSTBOKS PREFERED C1 STREET1 C39 1883 STREET2 C39 N-7002 CITY C25 TRONDHEIM PROV C25 COUNTRY C31 NORWAY POSTCODE C8 TELE C30 (07)920611 SUBJECT C14 AGE C11[RETURN]
Holloway, Richard G. 1989. COPROLIT.DBF, MORPH.DBF, and
STATS.DBF: Three dBase bibliographic files of Quaternary
pollen literature concerning coprolite analysis, pollen
morphology, and numerical methods. AASP Data Committee,
PALYDISK 7.
Bibliographys of mostly Quaternary and Holocene literature
of plant anatomy, including pollen morphology (MORPH.DBF, 412 ref.),
numerical methods (STATS.DBF, 256 ref) and coprolite study
(COPROLIT.DBF, 166ref).
format:
AUTHOR C20
AUTH2 C60
DATE N4
CITATION C254
KEYWORD C60
REPRINT C1
SELECT C1
EXAMPLES FROM MORPH:
ALEXANDER,R.R. 1958 Silvical characteristics of Engelman spruce. USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mtn Forest & Range Exp. Sta. pap. 31. systematics, Pinaceae, Picea y ANDERSEN,S.T. 1978 On the size of Corylus avellana L. pollen mounted in silicone oil. Grana 17:5-13 pollen, morphology, systematics, Betulaceae n ANDERSON,G.J. GENSEL,P.G. 1976 Pollen morphology and the systematics of Solanum section Basarthrum. Pollen et Spores 18:533-552 pollen morph Solanaceae y[RETURN]
ADAMS, K.R. 1980 Pollen, parched seeds and prehistory: a pilot investigation of prehistoric plant remains from Salmon Ruin, a Chacoan ruin in nw nm. Eastern New Mexico Contrib. Anth. 9, ENMU,Portales Seeds, pollen, Abot, SW, Arch n ADARJAN,A.S. KALENOSKEY,G.B. 1969 A manual for the identification of hairs of selected Ontario mammals. Ontario Dept Lands Forests Res. Rept. #90 hair, Abot, Canada, Ontario n AGER,T.A. AGER,L.P. 1980 Ethnobotany of the eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anth. 17:27-48 AK, arctic, ebot, y[RETURN]
BARCLAY, F.H. 1973 Analysis of arboreal pollen of shady valley bog. Proc. 1973 International Geobot Conf. Univ. Tenn pollen, late-glacial, Holocene, SE, TN n BARREIS,D.A. BRYSON,R.A. 1965 Climatic episodes and the dating of the Mississippi culture. Wisconsin Arch. 46:203-220. SE Holocene dating climate Arch n BEETHHAM,N.M. 1958 Pollen studies of forest and bald soils from the mountains of North Carolina. MA thesis, Duke Univ. Durham, NC 133p pollen, SE, NC, Holocene n BENNINGHOFF,W.S. STEVENSON, A.L. 1967 Pollen analysis of cave breccia from Ladds Locality Bartow CO, Georgia. Bull GA Acad. Sci. 25:188-191 pollen, SE, GA n[RETURN]
DATABASE OF MESOZOIC AND TERTIARY MEGASPORES
The files on this disk comprise the database used to create the
"Catalog of Mesozoic and Tertiary Megaspores", published in the AASP
Contribution Series by D.J. Batten and W.L. Kovach (1990).
The databases, which are in dBase .DBF format, take up almost 2.5
megabytes of disk space. Therefore a hard disk is required. The
files also had to be compressed for distribution on a single disk, but
decompressing them is a simple task. On this disk is a file called
MEGASPOR.EXE, which is a self-decompressing file containing the
database.
The megaspore database consists of two files: MEGASPOR.DBF, which
is the main database of species and genera, and MEGAREF.DBF,
which contains references for all the literature cited in the
catalog. The structure of these two files is as follows:
MEGASPOR.DBF MEGAREF.DBF
Field name Type Length Field name Type Length
GENUS Char 20 AUTHORS Char 65
SPECIES Char 20 YEAR Char 9
SP_AUTHOR Char 65 TITLE Char 169
AUTHOR Char 46 JOURNAL Char 164
YEAR Char 5 VOL_PAGE Char 40
PAGE Char 17 COMMENTS Char 122
PLATE Char 4
FIGURE Char 110
TEXT_FIG Char 12
FORMATION Char 50
GEOGR_AREA Char 40
SYSTM_SERI Char 22
STAGE Char 35
MODIF Date 8
COMMENTS Char 165
A few notes on the format of the database:
o Species names followed by ** are junior synonyms or otherwise invalid
names. These are indicated in the catalog with single quotes, but in
the database the quotes would disrupt the sort order.
o A pair of ^ characters indicates words or phrase that should be
italicised.
o The MODIF field indicates when that record was added or last modified.
o Accented characters that occur in the standard IBM set (e.g. , , )
are included in the reference list, but not the species file. Many of
the more unusual Eastern European and Scandinavian characters could not
be represented on the computer and were added to the printed reference
list by hand.
- Warren L. Kovach, Sept. 1990
[RETURN]
MVSP Shareware is limited to 100x100 matrices. An enhanced
version of MVSP (MVSP Plus) can be purchased from the author. It is
able to analyze very large matrices, with the size only limited by
the amount of memory and disk space available (up to 750x750). It
can also use the 80x87 math co- processor chip.
[RETURN]
Ackerly, N.W. 1986 Toward the discrimination of economic and non-economic pollen spectra from archeological sites. Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe. Bright, R.C. and Davis, O.K. 1982 Quaternary paleoecology of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Snake River Plain, Idaho. American Midland Naturalist, 108:21-33. Bryant, V.M., Jr. 1967 Pollen analysis of sediments in Arenosa Shelter. In: D. Dibble, Excavations at Arenosa Shelter, 1965-66. Progress report to National Park Service by Texas Archaeol. Salvage Project, Austin, Texas, pp. 77-85.[RETURN]
USE: the Arrow Keys Move Among the Fields and [Ret] to Enters a Field
Type [F10] when the All Data Fields are Correct -or- [ESC] to Abort
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| *** INSOLATION PROGRAM PARAMETERS *** |
|________________________________________________________________________|
| [F1] for Help |
| |
| Latitude _45_ |
| |
| Initial Time _-2000_ Ending Time _20000_ |
| |
| Time Increment _1000_ |
| Save Results to Disk Y/N _Y_ |
|________________________________________________________________________|
The figure above shows the data entry screen with parameters specified for
45 degrees (North) latitude, a run beginning 2000 years in the future
and ending 20000 years in the past, with insolation calculated at 1000
year intervals. By specifying "Y" to save to file, another field will
appear, asking for a file name. Typing [F10] produces the following file
showing insolation for 12 months of the year plus the annual total.
A hard copy also is produced, so A PRINTER MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE COMPUTER.
yr JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
-2000 304 451 647 836 966 1004 943 803 618 433 297 250 7551
-1000 303 448 642 829 958 1000 943 806 622 436 298 249 7536
0 301 445 637 822 952 997 946 812 628 439 299 248 7526
1000 298 440 630 815 948 998 951 819 634 442 299 247 7523
2000 295 435 624 809 946 1002 959 828 641 445 298 244 7527
3000 291 430 618 806 947 1009 969 838 647 446 297 241 7539
4000 286 424 614 804 951 1018 981 847 652 447 295 238 7557
5000 282 420 610 805 958 1029 993 856 655 446 292 234 7579
6000 278 416 609 808 967 1041 1004 863 656 444 288 231 7605
7000 275 414 610 814 978 1054 1014 867 656 441 285 227 7632
8000 272 413 612 822 989 1065 1021 869 653 437 281 224 7657
9000 271 413 617 830 1000 1074 1025 867 649 432 278 222 7678
10000 271 415 622 839 1010 1081 1026 863 643 427 275 221 7694
11000 272 419 629 848 1018 1084 1023 857 636 423 273 220 7702
12000 274 423 636 856 1023 1084 1017 848 629 419 272 221 7702
13000 277 428 643 862 1024 1079 1008 839 622 416 272 223 7695
14000 281 434 649 866 1023 1071 997 829 616 415 274 225 7679
15000 286 439 654 867 1017 1060 985 819 612 415 276 229 7658
16000 291 444 657 865 1009 1048 972 810 609 416 280 233 7633
17000 295 449 657 860 998 1034 960 804 608 419 284 238 7606
18000 300 452 656 853 986 1020 949 799 609 423 289 243 7580
19000 304 453 653 844 972 1007 941 797 612 429 295 248 7556
20000 308 454 648 834 960 996 936 798 617 434 300 253 7537
[RETURN]
ADAM, D.P. 1974. Palynological applications of principal component and cluster analyses. Jour. Research U.S. Geol. Surv, 2 (6), 727-741. AGELOPOULOS, J. 1964. Hystrichostrogylon membraniphorum n.g n.sp. aus dem Heilgenhafener Kieselton (Eozan). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatshefte, 673-675. AGELOPOULOS, J. 1967. Hystrichospharen, dinoflagellaten und foraminiferen aus dem Eozanen kieselton von heilegen hafen, Holstein. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften, Eherhard Karls Universitat zu Tubingen, 1-74, pl.1-14.[RETURN]
TABLE 1. Surface-sample studies.
NAME STATE LATIT. LONGIT. #SPL #TYP REFERENCE
1. ALBI* ID 42o20' 113o40' 63 42 Davis, 1984
2. ANIM CO 37o45' 107o45' 38 40 Maher, 1963
3. ARCH AZ CA (archeological) 35 54 OKD, unpubl. & West, 1977
4. BTCH# CA 38o00' 119o00' 11 15 Batchelder, 1970
5. CARS CA 38o45' 120o15' 12 33 Adam, 1967
6. CHEL*# AZ 36o15' 109o15' 20 27 Fall, 1987
7. CHSV# NM 36o15' 109o00' 36 13 Harris et al., 1967
8. CHUS NM 36o15' 109o00' 39 15 Bent and Wright, 1963
9. CJHE# WA 46o51' 121o46' 25 34 Heusser, 1973
10. CNTA# AZ 33o30' 111o30' 15 22 Schoenw. and Dorsch., 1971
11. CNTW WA 47o00' 119o00' 78 12 Mack and Bryant, 1974
12. COMO CO 37o30' 105o30' 9 12 Shafer, 1989
13. CRDY AZ 34o00' 110o00' 48 31 Rankin, 1980
14. FKIN# AZ 32o05' 111o00' 8 12 King, 1977
15. GATC# NV 38o50' 116o45' 56 9 Thompson, 1983
16. GDSR* MX 32o00' 113o00' 4 17 O.K. Davis, Unpubl.
17. HEVL# AZ 34o15' 109o50' 20 9 Hevly, 1968
18. HHLO# AZ 35o00' 110o00' 20 7 Hevly, 1968
19. HNRY# ID 43o00' 116o00' 16 18 Henry, 1984
20. HVMR* AZ 31o15' 119o50' 13 27 Hevly and Martin, 1961
21. INEL ID 43o30' 112o40' 6 26 Bright and Davis, 1982
22. KNGC AZ 36o15' 112o15' 22 42 King & Sigleo, 1973
23. KYLE# NV 36o15' 115o30' 21 26 Mehringer, 1967
24. LPLT CO 37o30' 107o45' 9 15 Petersen & Scott 87, & Mehr .76
25. MCWNS WY SD SD ND 71 43 McAndrews and Wright, 1969
26. MRTN,2* AZ 32o00' 110o00' 52 33 Martin, 1963; Tables 1 & 3
27. NMHL#! NM TX 32 4O Hall, 1990; Rogers et al. 1985
28. NVJR# AZ 36o30' 108o30' 19 14 Schoenwetter & Eddy, 1964
29. OAX1,2,3 MX 17o00' 97o00' 180 33 Schoenwetter & Smith, 1986
30. PANM CA 36o30' 117o15' 13 6 Mehringer, 1967
31. PFAL*# CO 38o50' 107o05' 34 18 Fall, 1988
32. PRCO NM 35o30' 107o30' 24 29 Pippin, 1979
33. PRKN AZ 35o00' 112o15' 5 17 Fish, unpublished
34. RUBM# NV 41o15' 115o30' 20 7 Thompson, 1984
35. SEQU CA 36o00' 120o00' 19 62 Anderson, 1990
36. SERL# CA 35o30' 117o30' 11 9 Leopold, 1967
37. SIER* CA 37o30' 119o15' 44 69 Anderson and Davis, 1988
38. SIGL AZ 36o15' 112o15' 25 28 King & Sigleo, 1973
39. SINA# MX 23o12' 106o26' 28 23 Jacobs, 1982
40. SNAG NM 34o00' 108o00' 5 31 Potter Rowley, 1960
41. SNMN NM 37o00' 104o00' 24 15 King, 1967
42. SONT AZ 31o30 110o10' 3 13 Mehringer Haynes Adam
43. STAF NM 35o45' 106o15' 6 9 Dixon, 1962
44. SWLN# ID 42o33' 112o00' 7 29 Bright, 1967
45. TIOG CA 37o45' 119o15' 21 35 Adam, 1967
46. WALH AZ 36o30' 112o15' 3 22 Schoenwetter, 1982
47. WASS AZ 32o20' 111o15' 22 31 Hevly et al., 1965
48. WHTM# AZ 34o00' 109o30' 9 18 Batchelder and Merrill, 1976
49. WORE# OR 44o50' 123o30' 55 15 Heusser, 1978
50. WTRM AZ 32o30' 111o30' 5 46 Anderson and Van Devender, 1991
* Includes lake sediment or moss polsters
! Includes Tauber samples
# Data digitized from figure.TABLE 2. Variables in surface sample database: environmental variables and pollen types.
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLE CODE EXAMPLE RANGE
Site Name SITEID ALBI
Site Sample Number SAMPNO 1
Latitude LATT 42.33 17 - 47
Longitude LONG 133.67 97 - 124
Mean Precip. (mm) PRCP 253 14 - 8988
Mean Annual Temp. (C) TEMP 15 -3 - 23
Elevation (m) ELEV 3000 0 - 3949
Vegetation Type VEGTYP RMSA
# OF -------- FREQUENCY > % --------- AVE.
POLLEN CODE LOC. 90 60 30 10 5 2 0 >0%
Abies ABIE 29 0 1 11 63 118 246 360 6
Alnus ALNU 27 12 32 54 68 90 237 416 11
Ambrosia AMBR 39 0 19 62 217 383 615 792 10
Arceuthobium ARCU 7 0 0 0 0 0 10 38 1
Artemisia ARTE 39 0 35 214 400 521 707 835 18
Cactaceae CACT 14 0 0 0 0 5 14 45 2
CaryophyllaceaeCARY 11 0 0 0 2 7 12 65 2
Chrysolepis CHRY 4 0 0 1 1 2 7 18 6
Celtis CELT 11 0 0 0 2 3 24 67 2
Cercocarpus CERC 10 0 0 4 8 11 46 87 4
Cheno. - Amar. CHAM 49 2 49 178 505 828 1098 1217 14
Compositae OCOM 49 1 44 167 393 678 1035 1189 13
Cruciferae CRUC 12 0 0 0 3 8 29 75 2
Cupressaceae CUPR 45 0 3 34 254 420 663 772 9
Cyperaceae CYPE 23 0 2 7 29 57 140 249 5
Ephedra EPHD 35 0 0 4 26 56 124 291 4
Eriogonum ERIO 22 0 0 0 1 9 43 127 2
Euphorbia EUPH 10 0 0 0 0 4 14 72 2
Fraxinus FRAX 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 1
Ferns FRNS 10 0 0 0 4 19 30 67 4
Gramineae GRAM 45 0 5 92 453 739 965 1159 11
Larrea LARR 8 0 0 0 1 3 12 43 2
Leguminosae LEGU 18 0 0 0 3 7 45 164 2
Liguliflorae LIGU 17 0 0 0 1 4 13 101 2
Malvaceae MALV 16 0 0 0 2 2 6 61 2
Nyctaginaceae NYCT 10 0 0 0 1 2 4 45 2
Picea PICE 25 0 1 17 60 85 125 273 7
Pinus PINU 50 3 142 422 921 1090 1215 1333 26
Polygonaceae POLG 16 0 0 0 0 0 7 79 1
Populus POPU 18 0 0 0 2 6 31 154 2
Prosopis PRSP 10 0 0 0 1 9 28 105 2
Pseudotsuga PSED 24 0 0 2 18 31 67 218 4
Quercus QURC 43 0 2 18 98 218 429 801 5
Rhamnaceae RHMN 11 0 0 0 3 6 14 60 3
Salix SALX 22 0 0 0 0 2 8 130 1
Sarcobatus SARC 24 0 1 3 14 25 46 210 3
Sequoiadendron SEQU 1 0 2 7 12 16 18 19 25
Tsuga heteroph.TSHT 5 0 0 0 5 15 34 56 5
T. mertensiana TSMR 2 0 0 1 4 12 28 58 4
Umbelliferae UMBL 18 0 1 1 4 14 29 139 3
[RETURN]
AGE.TXT
Each article is assigned a geological age, if possible. For this
first attempt, I used the one-letter age codes that are being
used for the SECOND WORLD DIRECTORY OF PALYNOLOGISTS (see
"PALYNOS" 1994 7:2). It appears that I must adopt a different
code for this index, and subdivide the Mesozoic (sorry to all you
Mesozoic authors.)
Each entry includes the first author, date, first line of the
title, journal, volume, and first page number. For example
PALEOZOIC
Barss, M.S. 1972 A problem in Pennsylvanian - Permian palynology
of Yukon Territory. G&M 4 67
Bunner, W.D. 1988 A new species of Dicommopalla (Acritarcha) from
the Middle Ordovician PAL 13 57
AUTHORS.TXT
A list of the authors in the G&M and PALY volumes. Name followed
by the date of the publication, journal, volume, first page, and
the position of the author's name (first (1), second (2)...).
Traverse, A. 1971 G&M 3 37 (2)
Traverse, A. 1971 G&M 3 65 (2)
Traverse, A. 1972 G&M 4 87 (1)
Traverse, A. 1973 G&M 7 39 (2)
Traverse, A. 1973 G&M 7 57 (2)
Traverse, A. 1975 G&M 11 1 (2)
Traverse, A. 1975 G&M 11 145 (1)
Traverse, A. 1976 G&M 15 141 (1)
Traverse, A. 1979 PAL 3 1 (2)
Traverse, A. 1982 PAL 6 203 (3)
Traverse, A. 1983 PAL 7 7 (1)
Traverse, A. 1986 PAL 10 225 (2)
TOPICS.TXT
Likewise the WDII codes were included for the subject matter
(Paleopalynology, Environmental Palynology, Morphology . . .) and
palynomorph types (Dinoflagellates, Spores, Pollen . . .). These
entries are hierarchical, with palynomorph subheadings within
topical headings:
MODERN DISTRIBUTION
DINOFLAGELLATES
Harland, R. Recent Dinoflagellate Cyst Assemblages from the
Southern Barents Sea PAL 6 9
McMinn, A. Recent and Late Quaternary dinoflagellate cyst
distribution on the PAL 16 13
VOLUMES.TXT
These are the tables of contents as copied from the two journals.
GEOSCIENCE & MAN VOL. 1
Jenkins, W.A.M. 1970 Chitinozoa. G&M 1 1-22
Terasme, J. 1970 Quaternary palynology -- its scope, problems and
potential uses. G&M 1 23-28
[RETURN]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | TAXON v 3.1 | | Welcome . . . Continue Y/N | R.L. Ravn . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Type "Y" [Enter] and the next screen should appear
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | | SEARCH FOR WHAT? [Enter] WHERE? | ____________________ ____ | | |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| | Q [Enter] = quit, G [Enter] = Genera | I [Enter] = taxa index, S [Enter] = | stratigraphic column | A [Enter] = About TAXON - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Enter (for example) "Ovoid" [Enter] under "SEARCH"
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | [10000] Ovoidites parvus (Cookson & Dettmann)Follow the instructions on the screen for other options. Thereafter, change to the appropriate directory and type "TAXON" to run the program. [RETURN]
| Nakoman 1966; see also spriggi. * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -